Why Weed Causes Relapse: Unveiling the Link

In our previous blog post, we discussed how cannabis is part of the “gateway drugs,” a term that refers to how legal substances can contribute to the use of more dangerous and illicit substances such as cocaine, heroin, or fentanyl. Now, while not everyone who uses weed progresses to harder drugs, its role in lowering inhibitions and altering decision-making processes is well-documented. For instance, a study by the National Library of Medicine indicates that heavy marijuana use can cause short and long-term effects on learning and memory and can also compromise attention, working memory, and inhibition.Principio del formulario

For individuals with a history of substance use disorders, reintroducing weed into their lives can reignite patterns of addictive behavior and disrupt their progress toward sobriety. The euphoric effects of THC may serve as a potent trigger, prompting individuals to seek solace in familiar coping mechanisms associated with substance use. Furthermore, the normalization of weed within social circles or environments where substance use is prevalent can intensify the risk of relapse.

A study by the American Journal of Psychiatry investigated the impact of cannabis use after discharge from inpatient treatment for cocaine, alcohol, and heroin dependence. It found that continued cannabis use, regardless of previous cannabis use history, significantly increased the risk of relapse and reduced the likelihood of sustained remission for other substances, particularly cocaine and alcohol. Among patients dependent on cocaine or alcohol, those who used cannabis after discharge were more likely to relapse and less likely to achieve sustained remission compared to those who didn’t use cannabis.

Influence of Cannabis in the Brain

It is essential to understand its impact on the brain. According to the study “Use of Marijuana: Effect on Brain Health,” Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), marijuana’s primary psychoactive compound, has a profound effect on the brain and its functions. When consumed, THC binds to cannabinoid receptors scattered throughout the brain. These receptors are part of the endocannabinoid system, a complex cell-signaling system that regulates a variety of functions and processes, such as mood, memory, sleep, appetite, and more.

Once THC connects with these cannabinoid receptors, it triggers a series of neurobiological responses that can mirror those initiated by other substances of abuse. One of the most notable effects is the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. This surge in dopamine activity can create a euphoric “high” that many users find enjoyable.

However, this dopamine release also alters the brain’s reward circuitry. Over time, the brain becomes accustomed to these elevated dopamine levels and begins to crave them, leading to the development of dependency and addiction. This situation is similar to what happens with other addictive substances, such as alcohol or opioids.

For individuals in recovery from substance use disorders, exposure to THC can be particularly problematic. The neurobiological signals triggered by THC can rekindle cravings for their substance of choice. Furthermore, these signals can undermine coping mechanisms that the individual learns during recovery.

Identifying Common Triggers and Vulnerabilities

While some perceive marijuana as a less harmful substance compared to opioids or heroin, its reintroduction into the life of someone in recovery can indeed pose significant risks.

One of the primary vulnerabilities lies in the psychological aspect of addiction. Individuals with a history of substance dependence often grapple with underlying issues such as chronic pain, trauma, or mental health disorders. These individuals might turn to cannabis as a seemingly less harmful alternative to manage their symptoms or to cope with the challenges of rehab. However, this shift in substance use can inadvertently trigger cravings for their primary drug of choice. The euphoric effects of marijuana might evoke memories of past highs, leading to a heightened risk of relapse as the individual seeks to replicate those feelings of escape or relief.

Additionally, the social and environmental triggers associated with marijuana use can play a significant role in precipitating relapse. For instance, if the individual’s social circle predominantly consists of peers who use cannabis recreationally, reintegrating into such environments can normalize substance use and lead to the individual’s willpower to maintain sobriety. Similarly, exposure to places or situations where marijuana use was commonplace in the past can evoke intense cravings and trigger a chain reaction that culminates in relapse.

Furthermore, the pharmacological effects of marijuana itself can intensify the triggers and make the individual’s ongoing rehabilitation more vulnerable. While marijuana is not typically associated with physical dependence in the same way as opioids, heroin, fentanyl, etc., its psychoactive properties can still hijack the brain’s reward system, leading to compulsive use and cravings, according to the Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. For individuals in recovery, the introduction of marijuana can disrupt the delicate balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, potentially reigniting the cycle of addiction.

Strategies for Resilience-Building and Relapse Prevention